关于句子类别的英语讲义
就结构而言,英语句子有4类:简单句(the simple sentence),并列句(the compound sentence);复杂句(the complex sentence);并列复杂句(the compound-complex sentence)。
只有一个主语(subject)和谓语(predicate)的句子,叫简单句。两个或两个以上的简单句,由等立连词(coordinating conjunction)and, or, but, so, for等连接的句子,叫并列句。例如:
① You can go there and see the manager.
② I like reading, but she likes singing.
③ Take it or leave it.
由一个主句(main clause)和至少一个从属分句(也称从句, (subordinate clause)合成的.句子,叫复杂句。根据性质和功能,从句有3种,即:㈠ 名词从句(the noun clause);㈡形容词从句(也称定语从句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause );㈢副词从句(也称状语从句, the adverb clause)。
如果一句里有两个或以上的并列句,再加上至少一个从属分句,这种句子就是并列复杂句。
从属分句的共同点是,它们都要由从属连词(subordinating conjunction)引导而出。
名词从句主要由That引导,如:
④ He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
⑤ That China is a big country cannot be denied.